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Oesophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide, with 604 000 new cases diagnosed in 2020. It is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortality, with an estimated 544 000 deaths in 2020. 1 Approximately 70% of oesophageal cancer diagnoses occur in men; there is a twofold to threefold difference in incidence and mortality rates between the sexes. Rates of oesophageal cancer are higher in developing versus developed countries for men, but are comparable for women. 2 Eastern Asia exhibits the highest regional incidence, followed by Southern Africa, Eastern Africa, Northern Europe and South Central Asia. 1 Recent data from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database indicate an increased incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) in patients aged< 50 years. In addition, young patients tend to be diagnosed in more advanced stages. 3