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Ultrasound has attracted considerable interest in food science and technology due to its promising effects in food processing and preservation. As one of the advanced food technologies it can be applied to develop gentle but targeted processes to improve the quality and safety of processed foods and offers the potential for improving existing processes as well as for developing new process options. Some applications like cutting or sieving have already found their place as state of the art technologies. Others are currently considered as possible candidates for industrial application. In this review selected and potential applications of ultrasound mainly in the field of food preservation and product modification are discussed.