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Using ion implantation, the electrical as well as the magnetotransport properties of individual ZnO nanowires (NWs) can be tuned. The virgin NWs are configured as field-effect transistors which are in the enhancement mode. Al-implanted NWs reveal a three-dimensional metallic-like behavior, for which the magnetoresistance is well described by a semiempirical model that takes into account the presence of doping induced local magnetic moments and of two conduction bands. On the other hand, one-dimensional electron transport is observed in Co-implanted NWs. At low magnetic fields, the anisotropic magnetoresistance can be described in the framework of weak electron localization in the presence of strong spin–orbit scattering. From the weak localization, a large phase coherence length is inferred that reaches up to 800 nm at 2.5 K. The temperature-dependent dephasing is shown to result from a one …