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Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have been spreading from hospitals to communities. Despite this, there are limited emergency department (ED) patient-based studies about these bacteremias. A retrospective matched case–control study with a ratio of 1:3 was conducted at a university hospital. The case group consisted of patients aged >16 years with ESBL-producing bacteremias in the ED. Patients matched for age and sex with non-ESBL-producing bacteremias were sampled as the control group. Finally, 64 episodes of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis bacteremias were included in our study. The median age of case patients was 71 years, and 29 (45.3%) were males. The most common type of infection was urinary tract infection (71.9%), followed by intra-abdominal infection (12.5%). Inappropriate empirical antibiotics therapy …