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A 42-year-old woman presented to the E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, after 2 months of pain in her left hip. She had received a cadaveric-kidney transplant 9 months earlier at the hospital because of end-stage renal disease. After transplantation, she received maintenance immunosuppressants with oral tacrolimus (3 mg twice a day) and prednisolone (5 mg/day). On admission, she was afebrile. Her white blood cell count was 9150 cells/µl, with 62% neutrophils, 31% lymphocytes and 5% monocytes. Radiography showed an osteolytic lesion on her left pelvic brim adjacent to the acetabulum. The osteolytic lesion was biopsied. Different staining methods identified Penicillium marneffei. She was treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B (100 mg; 2 mg/kg body weight per day) for 21 days, followed by oral itraconazole (200 mg/day) for 8 months. No relapse of penicilliosis was seen …