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We used meta-analysis to assess research concerning human trust in automation to understand the foundation upon which future autonomous systems can be built.

Trust is increasingly important in the growing need for synergistic human–machine teaming. Thus, we expand on our previous meta-analytic foundation in the field of human–robot interaction to include all of automation interaction.

We used meta-analysis to assess trust in automation. Thirty studies provided 164 pairwise effect sizes, and 16 studies provided 63 correlational effect sizes.

The overall effect size of all factors on trust development was ḡ = +0.48, and the correlational effect was  = +0.34, each of which represented medium effects. Moderator effects were observed for the human-related (ḡ  = +0.49; = +0.16) and automation-related (ḡ = +0.53; = +0.41) factors. Moderator effects specific to environmental …