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This paper studies the long-term effects of heterogeneous information provision on road networks with multiple information providers (IPs). To capture the information heterogeneity resulting from various IPs, we consider that users subscribing to different IPs receive non-identical information sets about the available routes and make route choices within their information sets. We investigate both IPs’ strategic interactions and users’ route choices in a bi-level “leader–follower” game. At the upper level, IPs act as leaders who compete or cooperate to determine the optimal information sets provided for their users to maximize their objectives. Three models are developed to investigate IPs’ strategic interactions, i.e., Nash game, Stackelberg game, and cooperation, in which IPs are non-cooperative, leader and followers, and cooperative, respectively. At the lower level, users act as followers to choose their user-optimal …