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With the increasing application of Internet of Things (IoT), the localization of IoT devices has been widely used. The distributed cooperative localization is expected to be applied in a large‐scale dynamic network, such as IoT. It is located through the exchange of information among multiple nodes. For a large amount of battery‐based users, the high‐computational complexity and heavy communication overhead will lead to huge energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a link selection algorithm based on the evolutionary overlapping coalitional (EOC) game to mitigate the energy consumption for distributed cooperative localization in the dynamic network. The equivalent Fisher information matrix (EFIM) and the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) are employed to keep location accuracy. Numerical results verify that the distributed cooperative localization based on the EOC game achieves lower energy …