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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influences of inactivity and dietary macronutrient composition on energy and fat balance and to look for interactions between them.

DESIGN: Two-day measurements of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation on five occasions; ad libitum food intake from diets of 35% and 60% energy as fat, with and without imposed activity, and a fixed overfeeding at 35% fat with free activity.

SUBJECTS: Eight normal-weight male volunteers.

MEASUREMENTS: Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation by indirect whole-body calorimetry, and macro-nutrient intakes from food consumption on ad libitum regimens.

RESULTS: Subjects consumed the same energy, mean 11.6 MJ/d, regardless of activity level, on the 35% diet. Subjects consumed more energy on the 60% than the 35% diet, mean 14 vs 11.6 MJ/d. Inactivity induced a strong positive energy balance: 5.1 (60% diet), and 2.6 MJ/d (35 …