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There is contradictory evidence for a role of dietary fat in risk of multiple sclerosis (MS).

To examine the association between usual fat intake (total, saturated, monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), omega-3 and omega-6) and risk of a first clinical diagnosis of CNS demyelination (FCD).

Multi-centre incident case-control study in four regions of Australia during 2003–2006. Cases were aged 18–59 years and had a FCD; controls were matched to a case on age, sex and location. Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire.

In 267 cases and 517 controls with dietary data, higher intake (per g/day) of omega-3 PUFA (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=0.61 (95% CI 0.40–0.93)), and particularly that derived from fish (AOR=0.54 (95% CI 0.31–0.93)) rather than from plants (AOR=0.75 (95% CI 0.39–1.43)) was associated with a decreased risk of FCD …