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Circulating levels of adiponectin are low in obesity and metabolic disorders associated with increasing fat mass including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Body fat stores may be positively related to intake of dietary fat, but little is known of mechanisms by which serum adiponectin may be regulated through diet. We investigated acute effects of a high-fat load and changes in fatty acid saturation on circulating adiponectin and associated mediators of inflammation including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP).

A high-fat test meal (59 ± 4 g fat; 71% of energy as fat) containing a high (∼71:29) or low (∼55:45) ratio of saturated:unsaturated fatty acids was given at breakfast on two occasions. Blood samples were collected at 0 (baseline), 1, 3, and 6 h for measurement of adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-α, and high-sensitivity CRP. A fat-exclusion lunch …