查看文章

Automobile emissions reductions can come from several sources that include more efficient vehicles, 3 cleaner fuels, and eco-friendly routing. Providing information about expected emissions on 4 alternative routes can influence route choice of drivers, encouraging some to take more eco-friendly 5 routes. During off peak hours, when substantial capacity is available, the eco-friendly route is likely 6 to be non-changing. However, during peak periods, with limited additional capacity, the eco-7 friendliness of various routes may change, depending on traffic congestion. To explore this issue 8 empirically, more than 13.330 km of data were collected using GPS equipped-vehicles, in the US 9 and Portugal. Specifically, data were collected in diverse locations: a large metropolitan area of 10 Hampton Roads, VA, USA, intercity region of Oporto–Aveiro, Portugal, and the city of Aveiro, 11 Portugal. The results are based on second-by-second vehicle dynamics, using the Vehicle Specific 12 Power (VSP) concept to extract the emissions on various route alternatives between origins and 13 destinations. During peak hours (and off-peak), a selection of eco-friendly routes can lead to 14 significant savings in global pollutants (up to 25% of CO2) and local pollutants (up to 60% for HC, 15 NOX, and CO). Moreover, these savings were practically unchanged during the peak hours for the 16 two case-studies. In some situations the lower emissions routes are those that cut across urban areas, 17 instead of bypassing them. The implications for future eco-routing systems are discussed. 18