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How does interaction affect categorization, and how might this vary between native and non-native speakers? When people use shared labels to categorize objects, they categorize more similarly to each other. We investigated whether interaction leads non-native speakers to categorize in the same way as native speakers. In six rounds, L1-English and L2-English/L1-Mandarin speakers individually categorized dishware using labels (BOWL, PLATE), then discussed their categories or an unrelated topic after each round. L2 speakers’ categories shifted following category-relevant interaction with L1 speakers, but their categories did not become more L1-like. Unexpectedly, category-relevant interaction reduced alignment within pairs and within language groups; however, this effect was weaker in the L2 than L1 group. Hence, L2 speakers showed a stronger tendency than L1 speakers to use categories that were …