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Connected and autonomous vehicles are expected to gradually enter the transport modal mix sooner or later. Academic discussions of their expected impacts are well underway, often with conflicting or wide-ranging results. In this chapter, the existing literature is reviewed and summarized, with a focus on the traffic flow efficiency impacts. The expected impacts of autonomous vehicles on the roadway capacity are found not to be unanimous, partly because this seems to depend on the specific modeling conditions. Therefore, common factors that determine whether capacity is expected to increase or decrease are discovered from existing studies, along with determining the factors that influence other traffic flow efficiency-related impacts, such as traffic stability and congestion. An analysis is also performed on the vehicular requirements for autonomous vehicles to serve the mobility demand, and change in vehicle …