作者
Katherine A Moon, Ana M Rule, Hoda S Magid, Jacqueline M Ferguson, Jolie Susan, Zhuolu Sun, Christine Torrey, Salahaddin Abubaker, Vladimir Levshin, Aslı Çarkoğlu, Ghada Nasr Radwan, Maha El-Rabbat, Joanna E Cohen, Paul Strickland, Patrick N Breysse, Ana Navas-Acien
发表日期
2018/3/6
期刊
Nicotine and Tobacco Research
卷号
20
期号
4
页码范围
482-491
出版商
Oxford University Press
简介
Background
Most smoke-free legislation to reduce secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure exempts waterpipe (hookah) smoking venues. Few studies have examined SHS exposure in waterpipe venues and their employees.
Methods
We surveyed 276 employees of 46 waterpipe tobacco venues in Istanbul, Moscow, and Cairo. We interviewed venue managers and employees and collected biological samples from employees to measure exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), hair nicotine, saliva cotinine, urine cotinine, urine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and urine 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG). We estimated adjusted geometric mean ratios (GMR) of each SHS biomarker by employee characteristics and indoor air SHS measures.
Results
There were 73 nonsmoking employees and 203 current smokers of cigarettes or waterpipe. In …
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KA Moon, AM Rule, HS Magid, JM Ferguson, J Susan… - Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 2018