作者
Michael M Vanyukov, Ralph E Tarter, Galina P Kirillova, Levent Kirisci, Maureen D Reynolds, Mary Jeanne Kreek, Kevin P Conway, Brion S Maher, William G Iacono, Laura Bierut, Michael C Neale, Duncan B Clark, Ty A Ridenour
发表日期
2012/6/1
来源
Drug and alcohol dependence
卷号
123
页码范围
S3-S17
出版商
Elsevier
简介
BACKGROUND
Two competing concepts address the development of involvement with psychoactive substances: the “gateway hypothesis” (GH) and common liability to addiction (CLA).
METHOD
The literature on theoretical foundations and empirical findings related to both concepts is reviewed.
RESULTS
The data suggest that drug use initiation sequencing, the core GH element, is variable and opportunistic rather than uniform and developmentally deterministic. The association between risks for use of different substances, if any, can be more readily explained by common underpinnings than by specific staging. In contrast, the CLA concept is grounded in genetic theory and supported by data identifying common sources of variation in the risk for specific addictions. This commonality has identifiable neurobiological substrate and plausible evolutionary explanations.
CONCLUSIONS
Whereas the “gateway …
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MM Vanyukov, RE Tarter, GP Kirillova, L Kirisci… - Drug and alcohol dependence, 2012