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There is limited evidence regarding the relationship between air pollution and pediatric asthma in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and pediatric asthma emergency department (ED) visits in Shanghai, China. We collected data on six criteria air pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂, CO, and O₃) and daily ED visits for pediatric asthma patients from 66 hospitals in Shanghai from 2016 to 2018. The generalized additive model combined with polynomial distributed lag model was applied to explore the associations. We fitted two-pollutant models and stratified the analyses by sex, age, and season. In total, we identified 108,817 emergency department visits for pediatric asthma. A 10 μg/m³ increase in the concentrations of PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃ was significantly associated with increased risks of pediatric asthma ED visits, with …