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The article presents information on epidemiology of Behçet's syndrome in Turkey. Two spot surveys in Turkey found quite a high prevalence of unrecognized Behçet's syndrome in the general population. These figures are still remarkably high, even when compared to those reported from regions of the world such as Japan, where Behçet's syndrome is known to be quite prevalent. Furthermore, many features, such as the association with Human Leukocyte Antigen B5, the pathergy phenomenon and the presence of disease of the colon, seem to have marked differences in geographic distribution. Therefore, further, more rigidly controlled international epidemiologic studies may throw more light on the disease mechanisms in this vasculitis of unknown etiology.