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One of the challenging issues in Ad hoc wireless networks is to identify methods that increase their lifetime. Since, the advancements in the battery technologies are negligible compared to those that take place in the field of mobile computing, the demand for discovering alternate methods to improve the battery lifetime has considerably increased. Energy efficient protocols face the trade-off between throughput improvement and energy saving. We, in this paper, arrive at a unique benchmark parameter called Nominal Capacity per Packet Transmission (NCPT) for evaluating the energy efficiency of a protocol. Major contributions of this paper are: (a) a detailed description of the novel distributed homogeneous Battery Aware MAC (BAMAC(k)) and Heterogeneous Battery Aware MAC (HBAMAC) protocols, which take benefit of the chemical properties of the batteries and their characteristics, to provide fair node …