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A growing body of animal research suggests that neurons represent information not only in terms of their firing rates but also by varying the timing of spikes relative to neuronal oscillations. Although researchers have argued that this temporal coding is critical in human memory and perception, no supporting data from humans have been reported. This study provides the first analysis of the temporal relationship between brain oscillations and single-neuron activity in humans. Recording from 1924 neurons, we find that neuronal activity in various brain regions increases at specific phases of brain oscillations. Neurons in widespread brain regions were phase locked to oscillations in the theta- (4–8 Hz) and gamma- (30– 90 Hz) frequency bands. In hippocampus, phase locking was prevalent in the delta- (1–4 Hz) and gamma-frequency bands. Individual neurons were phase locked to various phases of theta and delta …