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Infrastructure planners strive to ensure that infrastructure meets the needs of stakeholders in the short, medium and long-term. This is a challenging task because there is considerable uncertainty associated with future stakeholder needs, and the infrastructure built to meet these needs has a life-time spanning decades, if not centuries. Additionally, the planning of either new infrastructure or the modification of existing infrastructure usually requires years, or even decades, meaning that stakeholder needs often change during the planning process itself. Planners’ responsiveness, i.e., how quickly planners can adjust to changing stakeholder needs, depends on the planning processes in which the planners are embedded. The relationship between improving responsiveness (in this paper the time taken to increase rail capacity to acceptable levels) and its impact on stakeholder needs (in this paper the unmet demands …