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This paper describes the development of a simple and rational manual procedure, termed the “frame analogy soil amplification” (FASA) model, which can be used to construct realistic seismic soil response spectra that account completely for the effects of soil resonance. FASA is based on the analogy of the dynamic response behaviour of a building to represent the dynamic behaviour of a horizontally layered soil column, when subject to earthquake excitations transmitted from bedrock. The theoretical foundation of FASA requires relatively few data for verification and calibration purposes. Thus, it is particularly suited to applications in regions of low and moderate seismicity where field data are typically limited. The procedure becomes even more powerful when its capability is extended to predict the response spectral displacement (RSD). This paper presents (1) a summarised account of the conception and …