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This article presents an ultra-small, high-security identification tag that is entirely built in a CMOS chip without external components. The usage of backscatter communications at 260 GHz enables full integration of a 2 × 2 patch antenna array. For chip compactness and minimum interference caused by direct wave reflection, the backscatter signal is frequency-shifted by 2 MHz and radiated with cross polarization from the same antenna array. Such a configuration also, for the first time for RF tags, enables beamsteering for enhanced link budget. For authentication and secure wireless data transmission, the tag also integrates a compact elliptic-curve-cryptography (ECC) dedicated processor, which is based on a narrow-strong private identification protocol. The presented tag has a peak power consumption of 21 μW and can be powered by a chip-wide array of photodiodes and a DC-DC converter. Using a low-cost 65 …