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Background. Accurate assessment of physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents is required to establish PA levels, monitor changes and inform public healthy policy. This study systematically reviews the literature to determine the extent of agreement between indirect (e.g., questionnaire) and direct (e.g., accelerometry) assessments of PA in pediatric populations (≤19 years). Methods. Literature was identified through searching electronic databases (e.g., MEDLINE, EMBASE), websites of relevant organizations and conference abstracts until April 2007. Studies were included if they collected indirect and direct measures of PA in pediatric populations and were reported in English. Quality of included studies was appraised using a modified Downs and Black tool. Results. A total of 83 studies were included; 24 describing comparable data and 59 including a correlation analysis. The majority of correlations …