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This study presents a survey on the most recent learning approaches and algorithms that are related to fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs). FCMs are cognition fuzzy influence graphs, which are based on fuzzy logic and neural network aspects that inherit their main advantages. They gained momentum due to their dynamic characteristics and learning capabilities. These capabilities make them essential for modeling and decision-making tasks as they improve the performance of these tasks. An efficient number of learning algorithms for FCMs, by modifying the FCM weight matrix, have been developed in order to update the initial knowledge of human experts and/or include any knowledge from historical data in order to produce learned weights. The proposed learning techniques have mainly been concentrated on three directions: on the production of weight matrices on the basis of historical data, on adaptation of the …