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Occupancy sensing and estimation in large commercial buildings has become a significant problem to be solved, with applications ranging from occupancy-based HVAC control to space planning, and security, etc. Thermal sensing is a promising technology to solve this problem, being easy to deploy in practice and allowing an actual occupancy count in a particular room without violating the data and privacy concerns. While initial strides have been made to solve this problem with thermal arrays, there are many problems that remain unsolved, including accuracy performance, overlapping of sensing areas that lead to under/over-counting, and data training requirements for different zones.

In this paper, we introduce TODOS 1, a novel system for estimating occupancy in intelligent buildings. TODOS uses a low-cost, low-power thermal sensor array along with a passive infrared sensor. We introduce a novel data …