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The increasing data demand in recent years has resulted in a considerable rise in heterogeneous cellular network energy usage. Advances in heterogeneous cellular networks with renewable energy supplied from base stations offer the cellular communications sector interesting options. Rising energy consumption, fuelled by huge growth in user count as well as usage of data, has emerged as the most pressing challenge for operators in fulfilling cost-cutting and environmental-impact objectives. The use of minimum power relay stations or base stations in conventional microcells is intended to lower the cellular network's total energy usage. This paper examines the reasons, difficulties, and techniques for addressing renewable heterogeneous networks' energy cost reduction issue. Because of the variety of renewable energy and mobile traffic, the issue of reducing energy costs necessitates both spatial and …