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Crash protection for an aging population is one of the primary drivers of contemporary passive safety research, yet estimates of the potential benefit of age-optimized systems have not been reported. This study estimates the number killed and injured in traffic crashes due to the age-related reduction in tolerance to loading. A risk-saturation model is developed and calibrated using 2000–2007 data for the age distribution of crash-involved adult occupants and drivers and the number of those injured and killed in 2006. Nonlinear functions describing the relationships between age and risk, adjusted for several confounders are developed using 10 years of NASS-CDS data and considered along with published risk functions for both mortality and injury. The numbers killed and injured as a result of age-related fragility and frailty are determined by setting the risk at all ages equal to the risk at age 20 (ie, risk is assumed to …