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The intent of this project is to explore unobserved heterogeneity and its interpretation by undertaking a series of empirical applications that use some of the most advanced heterogeneity models available. The project report begins by studying effect of information on changing opinions toward autonomous vehicle adoption (Chapter 2). The report then moves to Chapter 3 with an analysis of bikesharing use and its potential as an auto-trip substitute. Chapter 4 addresses the emerging issue of temporal instability in travel and safety models by assessing the temporal instability of the factors determining motorcyclist injury severities. Continuing along this temporal theme, Chapter 5 looks at time-of-day variations and temporal instability of the factors affecting injury severities in large-truck crashes. Chapter 6 goes on to address some technical issues associated with a heterogeneity model used commonly in advanced travel behavior and safety studies. Lastly, the project report concludes with Chapter 7, which gives an application of Lin’s conception of social capital as resources embedded in social networks as a basis for describing leisure activity outcomes.