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In this study, for the first time, a TiO₂/graphene (G) heterostructure was synthesized and doped by Bi and SnO₂ nanoparticles through a hydrothermal treatment. The as-synthesized nanocomposite was employed for photocatalytic degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) under visible light irradiation. Structural characterizations such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) proved the valence band alignment at Bi/SnO₂/TiO₂-G interfaces and crystallinity of the nanocomposite, respectively. The as-developed nanocomposite photocatalyst was able to decompose 84% PCP, thanks to the generation of a large number of active OH^•− and O₂^•− radicals. To achieve this optimum photodegradation efficiency, various parameters such as pH, catalyst dosage, and PCP concentration were optimized. The results showed that the PCP photodegradation process followed the …