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Social insect workers can increase their inclusive fitness by increasing colony production of reproductives, by manipulating the identity of colony reproductives in favor of individuals with greater kin-value (e.g. relatedness) to themselves, or both. The manipulative option results from the non-clonal genetic structure of insect societies and necessarily introduces conflict into insect societies. This paper examines conflict over male production, queen-rearing, and sex allocation for monogynous hymenopteran societies. The structure of conflict is shown to vary according to the particular conflict, queen mating frequency, and other factors. Importantly, there are conditions under which the actual conflict (i.e. the actual manipulation of reproduction) is predicted to be markedly less than the potential conflict (i.e. all the manipulations potentially beneficial to individual workers given the kin-value asymmetries within the colony …