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Proteins are essential functional units of the human body and represent the largest class of drug targets.

Broad-capture proteomics has the potential to identify causal disease genes, mechanisms, and candidate drug targets through systematically integrating knowledge about genetic signals that are shared among the protein-encoding gene, the resulting protein abundance or function, and common complex diseases. Although technological advances now enable such enquiry at scale, the genetic architecture of most proteins and its relevance for human health remains unknown. We performed a genome-proteome–wide association study including 4775 protein targets measured in plasma from 10,708 European-descent individuals (mean age 48.6 years, 53.3% women). We used the identified protein–quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) to create a proteo-genomic map of human health …