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Two experiments investigated whether the

Two experiments investigated whether the Simon effect (i. e.., faster responses to spatially corresponding than to noncorresponding stimuli, with stimulus location being irrelevant) is affected by the frequency of noncorrespondence trials. Stimulus discriminability (Experiment 1) and immediate or delayed stimulus formation (Experiment 2) was varied in order to manipulate the temporal relationship between coding of the relevant stimulus information and of stimulus location. As was expected, the Simon effect decreased from high to low discriminability and from immediate- to delayed-stimulus formation. This is consistent with the notion of a gradual decay of location-induced response-code activation. Moreover, the Simon effect decreased with increasing frequency of noncorrespondence trials and was even reversed with higher frequency. This demonstrates …