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In this study, the effects of CaO additions on microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of AZ61 magnesium (Mg) alloy were investigated. For this target, AZ61 Mg alloy samples containing 0.5 and 1 wt% CaO were investigated. The results showed that the addition of CaO leads to formation Ca-rich intermetallic compounds, which in turn, influenced the structure evolution of the alloy. In addition, it was observed the formation of twined structures in the alloys containing CaO, where the fraction of tension twins increased by increasing the amount of CaO. This was conjugated with the evolution of non-basal texture components, as found by the orientation distribution functions recorded for the investigated samples. Mechanical properties showed that the ductility of the AZ61 Mg alloy reduced by the CaO addition, whereas the yield strength was enhanced in the AZ61-1CaO sample.