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The microstructural evolution and slip activity in a pure Mg and AZX211 alloy during room and cryogenic temperatures (CT: −50 °C, −100 °C and −150 °C) deformation has been systematically investigated. The influence of alloying and deformation temperature on the texture, twinability and subsequently on the deformation mechanisms has been examined. Moreover, a detailed post-mortem analysis was conducted using EBSD to reveal the enabled deformation modes in 5%-strained samples at each temperature condition. The results showed that AZX211 exhibited exceptional strength/ductility synergy with 102 MPa YS, 16.4% ductility as compared to 110 MPa YS, 10.9% ductility in pure Mg at RT. Moreover, AZX211 demonstrated superior ductility as compared to pure Mg at various cryogenic temperatures. The improved performance of AZX211 was attributed to grain refinement (24.5 and 10.1 μm for pure Mg and …