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Fitness centres (FC) represent a unique indoor microenvironment. Exercising on regular basis provides countless health benefits and improves overall well-being, but if these facilities have poor indoor air quality, the respective exercisers might be subjected to some adverse risks. Considering the limited existent data, this work aimed to evaluate particulate pollution (PM_10, PM_2.5, and ultrafine particles – UFP) in indoor air of FC and to estimate the respective risks for occupants (both staff and exercising subjects). Sampling was conducted during 40 consecutive days of May–June 2014 in general fitness areas, studios and classrooms (for group activities) of four different fitness centres (FC1–FC4) situated within Oporto metropolitan area, Portugal. The results showed that across the four FC, PM₁₀ ranged between 5 and 1080 μg m⁻³ with median concentrations (15–43 μg m⁻³) fulfilling the limit (50 μg m⁻³) of …