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Visually meaningful image encryption (VMIE) means that a plain image can be encrypted into a visually meaningful cipher image (VMCI), which makes the secret more imperceptible than noise-like cipher images. Here, we first present a universal embedding model (UEM) and further present a new UEM-based VMIE algorithm. The plain image is pre-encrypted and then embedded into the integer wavelet subbands of the host image in a dynamic way. In order to avoid the overflow, a threshold limiting function is used to modify the range of pixel values of the host image. To adapt different types of wavelet transform subbands, a UEM is proposed to be used to embed the secret information domain into the host domain. Moreover, in the embedding process, a four-dimensional discrete chaotic system is used to ensure the security of embedding. The numbers of embedded bits in the four embedded domains can be …