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Intelligent Crowd Monitoring and Management Systems (ICMMSs) have become effective resources for strengthening safety and security along with enhancing early-warning capabilities to manage emergencies in crowded situations of smart cities and massive gatherings events. The main advantage of such systems is their ability to detect multiple features associated with the crowd gathering, as they enable multi-source sensors, multi-modal data, and powerful intelligent and analytical methods. Unlike traditional crowd monitoring systems, which make use of simplex forms of different data types, data and information associated with crowded scenarios can be collected, fused, processed and analyzed in large quantities for accurate global assessment and enhanced decision making processes in an ICMMS. Therefore, data fusion is introduced as an enabler to decrease data quantity, reduce data dimensions, and …