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This study demonstrates that the initial texture of Mg alloy significantly affects the microstructure developed during cold rolling and the recrystallization behavior during subsequent annealing. In a sample with a texture oriented toward the normal direction (ND sample), thick and large-sized shear bands are intensively formed during cold rolling and the deformation is strongly localized along these bands. In contrast, in a sample with a texture oriented toward the transverse direction (TD sample), many {10-12} twins are formed at the early stage of cold rolling, and then, numerous small-sized shear bands are formed in these twins. Results of nanoindentation tests reveal that the cold-rolled ND sample has internal strain energy that is substantially concentrated along the shear bands, whereas the cold-rolled TD sample has a large amount of internal strain energy that is homogeneously distributed throughout the …