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This paper looks at Chinese construction projects in Angola and Ethiopia, which receive disproportionately little research attention compared to Chinese FDI, despite the fact that Chinese construction projects are much more important in terms of magnitude. This paper shows that Chinese construction projects have important economic spill-over effects by way of providing critical infrastructure for productive sector activities. What is more, the construction deals, often financed by Chinese state banks, have created profitable markets for building materials and spurred the production of building materials in Angola and Ethiopia thereby contributing to economic diversification in both countries. The growth of these industries is supported by policy incentives on the Chinese side and but also faces various challenges that ultimately have to be addressed by domestic industrial policy.