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Objective: Previous studies have shown conflicting results for the effectiveness of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in improving attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. This inconsistency may be due to differences in dosage, composition, and treatment duration. The current meta-analysis aims to address this inconsistency by improving subtype analyses and focusing on heterogeneity in treatment duration, omega-3 PUFA composition, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) dose.

Data Sources and Study Selection: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials of omega-3 PUFAs for ADHD, without publication year or language limitations, up to November 27, 2022. The primary outcome was the improvement of ADHD core symptoms. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the formula, dosages, and composition ratios of omega-3 …