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This work is focused on the data based modelling and monitoring of a family of modular systems that have multiple replicated structures with the same nominal variables and show temporal behaviour with certain periodicity. These characteristics are present in many systems in numerous fields such as the construction or energy sector or in industry. The challenge for these systems is to be able to exploit the redundancy in both time and the physical structure.

In this paper the authors present a method for representing such granular systems using N-dimensional data arrays which are then transformed into the suitable 2-dimensional matrices required to perform statistical processing. Here, the focus is on pre-processing data using a non-unique folding–unfolding algorithm in a way that allows for different statistical models to be built in accordance with the monitoring requirements selected. Principal Component …