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As a promising energy conversion technology, transient thermoelectric device has potential applications in temperature control and refrigeration. The performance is sensitive to the applied current pulse. However, the conventional current pulse is limited to regular current shapes, which cannot achieve the best super-cooling performance. There exist strong coupling effects between the parameters of pulse shape, pulse amplitude, and pulse width. Simultaneous optimization of all the variables involved in a current pulse is a prerequisite to further improve the super-cooling. To bridge this gap, a constraint-free current pulse design concept was proposed in this study, which was successfully validated by a multi-objective optimization method. The results show that, the effective cooling regime and temperature overshoot both exhibit excellent features after optimization. Compared with the current t⁰ (mostly …