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Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is associated with one-third of preterm births. In about 50% of preterm PROM cases, the fetuses will elicit a fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS). FIRS is associated with the impending onset of preterm labor, periventricular leukomalacia, neonatal sepsis, and long-term handicap, including the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and cerebral palsy. The fetal myocardium is a potential target organ of proinflam-matory cytokines released during FIRS. The objective of this study was to determine whether preterm PROM is associated with functional changes in the fetal heart, as determined by fetal echocardiography. A retrospective study was conducted to assess the diastolic function of fetuses with preterm PROM with documented microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (n = 25), preterm PROM without microbial invasion of the …