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As technology began to shape not only the market but also the landscape of conflicts, a new branch of dispute resolution based on technical instruments, known as online dispute resolution (ODR), began to emerge. The twenty-first century, according to the author, calls policymakers' attention to the construction of an effective, consumer-friendly redress mechanism based on out-of-court ODR programs. Because of the widespread availability and use of the Internet across the world, electronic commerce has evolved fast in recent decades. Consumers have begun to engage in transactions regardless of their location, culture, or time zone. Inevitably, increased online activity resulted in issues that were difficult to resolve using traditional offline dispute resolution methods. Because the purchase of disputed products and services is increasingly taking place online, it appears reasonable to handle these conflicts in the same way, as long as neither consumers nor companies are inconvenienced