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Sustainability in transport is a thoroughly discussed and critically important issue for current and future generations, and has been the focus of significant research in many fields. However, application of sustainability, in particular to transport planning and assessments of transport projects, is lacking. This paper proposes a framework for cost–benefit analysis that realizes the sustainability impacts of public transport improvements. A case example of introducing a rail component to a bus-only transit system is used, as this particular type of investment has been both lauded for its impacts on sustainability (despite little measurement of such) and criticized for its cost inefficiencies (despite its political and public popularity).

The research reviews relevant literature on sustainability, rail transit, and cost–benefit analysis in transport. Then, a Kaldor–Hicks Tableau is discussed and a framework for analyzing the implementation …