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Although the concept of Industry 4.0 was introduced in 2011 at the Hannover Fair, it was only recently that it gained major attention. The fourth industrial revolution, referred to as Industry 4.0, is based mainly on cyber-physical systems along with their supporting technologies. The four design principles of Industry 4.0 are interoperability, information transparency, technical assistance, and decentralized decisions. Each one of these design principles generates new attack surfaces that can be exploited by malicious attackers. As with any other system, security challenges arise with every new technology used. These challenges can range from simple threats that can easily be mitigated or even ignored, all the way up to threats that can render the whole system unusable. In this chapter, we introduce a detailed survey of threats and security challenges in different components of the Industry 4.0 systems. These …