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Prolonged exposure to directional motion (adaptation) biases the perceived direction of subsequently presented test stimuli towards the opposite direction with respect to that of adaptation (i.e., motion after-effect; MAE). Different neural populations seem to be involved in the generation of the MAE, depending on the spatiotemporal characteristics of both adapting and test stimuli. Although the tuning mechanisms of the neural populations involved in the MAE have been psychophysically identified, the specific loci along the motion processing hierarchy where the different types of MAE take place is still debated.

In this study, by using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) delivered during the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) between adapting and test patterns, we investigated the cortical locus of processing of static MAE (sMAE) and dynamic MAE (dMAE).

Results showed that rTMS …