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Applications of compounds like 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate–ethoxy ethyl methacrylate–methacrylic acid (HEMA–EEMA–MA), and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an adsorbent for the removal of two hazardous toxic azo dyes i.e. Malachite green (MG) and Congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions were well explained and elucidated. The adsorbents under consideration were synthesized and characterized by using SEM, and ATR-FTIR. The dye removal depends on the pH of the solution, the optimum pH for this experimentation was found to be 9. The adsorption affinity of MG onto HEMA–EEMA–MA was increased from 245 to 330 mg/g > CR onto PVA 169–236 mg/g > MG onto HEMA 130–205 mg/g > CR onto HEMA–EEMA–MA 90–155 mg/g > MG onto PVA 35–140 mg/g > CR onto HEMA 17–57 mg/g, respectively. Impact of various important physico-chemical parameters i.e …