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Uniaxial compression test data were obtained from magnesium alloy AZ31B sheet material tested along three sample directions (rolling, transverse and normal direction) over the temperature range T=22–250°C. The yield point during in-plane compression is insensitive to temperature, up to 200°C, suggesting that athermal mechanisms are responsible for yielding. The in-plane compression samples exhibit very low r-values, which provides another signature of significant twinning activity in magnesium sheet, in addition to the characteristic sigmoidal strain hardening curve. By varying the critical resolved shear strengths (CRSS) and hardening behaviors of the deformation mechanisms, it is possible to model the changes in the flow stress profile, the strain anisotropy, and texture evolution using a viscoplastic self-consistent polycrystal model. Notably, the CRSS values for basal slip were observed to be constant …